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BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS
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Botany of Crop Plants
General Nature Of Crop Plants
Most of the important crop plants are reproduced by seeds, and all are classified as spermatophytes or seed plants. In the life cycle of these plants the seed germinates and produces a seedling. The vegetative phase is characterized by increase in the number and size of roots, stems, and leaves. Finally the reproductive phase is reached in which the plant flowers and produces seeds.
At this opportunity ahli artikel will present an explanation of the article entitled BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS, check this below
Botany of Crop Plants
General Nature Of Crop Plants
Most of the important crop plants are reproduced by seeds, and all are classified as spermatophytes or seed plants. In the life cycle of these plants the seed germinates and produces a seedling. The vegetative phase is characterized by increase in the number and size of roots, stems, and leaves. Finally the reproductive phase is reached in which the plant flowers and produces seeds.
The Plant Cell
Plants are composed of units called cells. A living cell contains protoplasm, the life substance of the plant organism. The denser central area of the protoplasm is the nucleus, which is embedded in the outer cytoplasm. The nucleus contains the chromosomes, the carriers of heredity. The cytoplasm contains chloroplasts, which in turn contain chlorophyll, the essential constituent of green plants. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall composed chiefly of cellulose. Cells differ in size and shape in accordance with their spesial function.
Structure And Function Of Crop Plants
RootsSometimes as much as one half, but in certain root crops more than one half, of a crop plan is underground. The underground plant parts are fully as important as the tops because water as well as the mineral nutrients used by the plant are absorbed from the soil by the roots.
Plants are composed of units called cells. A living cell contains protoplasm, the life substance of the plant organism. The denser central area of the protoplasm is the nucleus, which is embedded in the outer cytoplasm. The nucleus contains the chromosomes, the carriers of heredity. The cytoplasm contains chloroplasts, which in turn contain chlorophyll, the essential constituent of green plants. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall composed chiefly of cellulose. Cells differ in size and shape in accordance with their spesial function.
Structure And Function Of Crop Plants
RootsSometimes as much as one half, but in certain root crops more than one half, of a crop plan is underground. The underground plant parts are fully as important as the tops because water as well as the mineral nutrients used by the plant are absorbed from the soil by the roots.
Stems And Modified Stems
After a grain of wheat germinates, the plumule internodes elongate into the first young stem. Stem elongation continues by growth (cell division and cell elongation) at the growth ring above each successive node while the cells are young and active. Growth in the diameter of the stem of cereals and other grasses is due to cell enlargement, not cell division, after the essential stem structures have been formed.
In dicotyledonous crop plants, those other than cereals and other grasses, growth is much like that of a tree. New branches arise from buds or adventitious cells, while the branches elongate by cell division and cell enlargement near the tips. Growth in diameter comes from cell division in the cambium layer under the bark or periderm, followed by cell enlargement.
LeavesLeaves arise from buds and are side or lateral appendages of the plant stem. Leaves are generally involved in photosynthesis and transpiration.
TranspirationTranspiration is the loss of water in vapor form from living plant or plant part. Nearly all the water taken in by plants is transpired, but a plant is unable to grow unless it has sufficient water at its disposal. Transpiration may take place from any part not covered by layer cork or cuticle, but it is usually through the stomata. The harmful effects of transpiration, wilting of the plant and exhaustion of soil moisture, possible benefits are cooling of the leaves, rapid conduction of soil solutes, and more rapid dissolving of carbon dioxide.
And that explained the article entitled BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS, may be able to increase the knowledge of the reader. . .
HAPPY LEARNING
SOURCE:
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
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