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CROP ROTATION
Now Ahli Artikel will provide an explanation of articles on Crop Rotation, check this out. . .
Now Ahli Artikel will provide an explanation of articles on Crop Rotation, check this out. . .
Crop Rotation
Principles of Crop Rotation
Crop rotation may be defined as a system of growing different kinds of crops in recurrent succession on the same land. A rotation may be good or bad as a measured by its effect on soil productivity or on its economic returns. A good rotation that provides for maintenance or improvement of soil productivity usually includes a legume crop to promote fixation of nitrogen, a grass or legume sod crop for maintenance of humus, a cultivated or intertilled crop for weed control, and fertilizers.
Modern crop rotation was established about the year 1730 in England. The famous Norfolk four-year rotation consisted of turnips, barley, clover, and wheat. On a particular field turnips would be grown the first year, barley the second, clover the third, and wheat the fourth. The wheat was followed by turnips in the fifth year to repeat the rotation. In some rotations a crop may occupy the land two or more years.
The Rothamsted (England) experiments included rotations that were continued for more than 100 years. In the United States, investigations were conducted in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri for many years.
Factors That Affect Crop Rotations
The choice of a rotation for a particular farm depends upon the crops adapted to the particular soil, climate, and economic conditions. In addiction, weeds, plant diseases, and insect pests may limit the kinds of crops to be grown in a locality.
Rotations, except in the case of an alternate grain-fallow system, provide some diversification of crops. Diversification may assure more economical use of irrigation water as well as other facilities. The risk of complete failure due to weather, pests, and low prices is less with several crops than with one. Crops may be selected so as to spread labor through-out the year. Seasonal labor requirements conflict with certain crops such as alfalfa, corn and winter wheat in Kansas and Nebraska.
Maintenance of Soil Productivity
Loss of organic matter as a result of continuous growth of the same crop has a bad effect on tilth. Grow of grass, pasture, and deep-rooted legume crops in rotation tends to correct this condition through maintenance of organic matter. Well-arranged system of crop rotation make practicable the application of manure and fertilizers to the most responsive crops or to those with high cash value. The alternation of deep-and shallow-rooted crops prevents continuous absorption of plant nutrients from the same root zone year after year. Deep-rooted plants like alfalfa improve the physical condition of the subsoil when the underground parts decay.
The nitrogen requirements of non leguminous crops may be provided by legumes in the rotation, but rotations cannot supply other plant nutrients in which the soil may be deficient. The production of larger crops, made possible by rotation, depletes the soil more rapidly than does continuous cropping. These larger yields cannot continue indefinitely without application of manures and fertilizers. In a corn-wheat-clover rotation in Indiana, the yields of unfertilized plots dropped one third in ten years.
And that some explanations articles on Crop Rotation. Hopefully can improve the knowledge of the reader. . .
HAPPY LEARNING. . . .
Principles of Crop Rotation
Crop rotation may be defined as a system of growing different kinds of crops in recurrent succession on the same land. A rotation may be good or bad as a measured by its effect on soil productivity or on its economic returns. A good rotation that provides for maintenance or improvement of soil productivity usually includes a legume crop to promote fixation of nitrogen, a grass or legume sod crop for maintenance of humus, a cultivated or intertilled crop for weed control, and fertilizers.
Modern crop rotation was established about the year 1730 in England. The famous Norfolk four-year rotation consisted of turnips, barley, clover, and wheat. On a particular field turnips would be grown the first year, barley the second, clover the third, and wheat the fourth. The wheat was followed by turnips in the fifth year to repeat the rotation. In some rotations a crop may occupy the land two or more years.
The Rothamsted (England) experiments included rotations that were continued for more than 100 years. In the United States, investigations were conducted in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri for many years.
Factors That Affect Crop Rotations
The choice of a rotation for a particular farm depends upon the crops adapted to the particular soil, climate, and economic conditions. In addiction, weeds, plant diseases, and insect pests may limit the kinds of crops to be grown in a locality.
Rotations, except in the case of an alternate grain-fallow system, provide some diversification of crops. Diversification may assure more economical use of irrigation water as well as other facilities. The risk of complete failure due to weather, pests, and low prices is less with several crops than with one. Crops may be selected so as to spread labor through-out the year. Seasonal labor requirements conflict with certain crops such as alfalfa, corn and winter wheat in Kansas and Nebraska.
Maintenance of Soil Productivity
Loss of organic matter as a result of continuous growth of the same crop has a bad effect on tilth. Grow of grass, pasture, and deep-rooted legume crops in rotation tends to correct this condition through maintenance of organic matter. Well-arranged system of crop rotation make practicable the application of manure and fertilizers to the most responsive crops or to those with high cash value. The alternation of deep-and shallow-rooted crops prevents continuous absorption of plant nutrients from the same root zone year after year. Deep-rooted plants like alfalfa improve the physical condition of the subsoil when the underground parts decay.
The nitrogen requirements of non leguminous crops may be provided by legumes in the rotation, but rotations cannot supply other plant nutrients in which the soil may be deficient. The production of larger crops, made possible by rotation, depletes the soil more rapidly than does continuous cropping. These larger yields cannot continue indefinitely without application of manures and fertilizers. In a corn-wheat-clover rotation in Indiana, the yields of unfertilized plots dropped one third in ten years.
And that some explanations articles on Crop Rotation. Hopefully can improve the knowledge of the reader. . .
HAPPY LEARNING. . . .
SOURCE:
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
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| Picture Of Crop Rotation |
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