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Hello, it's time for Ahli Artikel to share an article about tillage practices, please read below.
Tillage Practices
Development Of Tillage Operations
Tillage began before the earliest written record of mankind. The first implements were hand tools to chop or dig the soil, usually made of wood, bone or stone. They were used to subdue or destroy the native vegetation, make openings in the soil to receive seeds or plants, and reduce competition from native plants and weeds growing among the crops. The next stage of tillage, application of the power of domestic animals, occurs in parts of the world before the dawn of history. This made possible development of implements with a steady forward movement. Among these were the crooked-stick plow to stir the soil, and the brush drag to pulverize the surface. Little further progress was made for many centuries except that eventually some plows were fitted with iron shares despite a common misapprehension that iron poisoned the soil. The development of steel in the 19th century resulted, in 1833, in a plow with sharp edges that cut the soil layer and in a curved polished surface that permitted the plow to scour. That straight- line movement of the plow has since been supplemented with the rotary movement in such implement as disk plows, harrows, the rotary hoe, and various pulverizing and stirring tools.
Very little was known about the effects of cultural operations in the Middle Ages. In 1731, Jethro Tull published his New Horse-Houghing Husbandry in England. He believed that plants took up the minute soil particles, the more finely the soil was divided the more particles would be absorbed by the roots.
During the 19th century it became evident that nutrition of plants depended on certain chemical elements from the soil minerals, organic matter, water, and air. The foundation for this concept was laid by Justus von Liebig and others. The idea became widespread that tillage, by increasing the aeration in the soil, increased the oxidation of chemical compounds in the soil and made them more soluble.
Early American writers believed that tillage allowed the roots to penetrate more deeply, or defined the soil to make a greater surface to hold moisture, although certain others recognized the importance of tillage in weed control. That harmful effects might result from excessive tillage, particularly from greater oxidation of organic matter or from increased erosion, was also pointed out by early writers in this country. Not until after 1890 did experimental evidence begin to show the basic reasons for tillage.
And that some explanations articles on Tillage Practices. Hopefully can improve the knowledge of the reader.
HAPPY LEARNING. . . .
SOURCE:
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
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