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DECOMPOSITION OF GREEN MANURES
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Decomposition of Green Manures
The green manure must be decomposed before its nutrients become available for plant growth or the organic residues become a part of the soil humus. Young plants and substances high in nitrogen decompose most rapidly. As decomposition progresses, it becomes slower because of the comparatively greater resistance of the residual organic matter to decay. Green manures furnish energy to the micro-organisms that bring about decomposition. The water-soluble constituents, largely sugars, organic acids, alcohols, glucosides, starches, and amino acids, are decomposed most rapidly and completely. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria use most of these substances as a source of energy. Green manures may contain 20 to 40 per cent of the total dry matter in water-soluble form. The micro-organisms that decompose hemicelluloses and celluloses take up nitrogen from the soil in the process. The proteins decompose quickly, but the nitrogen liberated is immediately assimilated by micro-organisms that attack the celluloses and hemicelluloses. The lignins are very resistant to decomposition and usually add to the soil humus.
Postponement of turning under fall cover crops until spring, rather than in late fall, delays decomposition, conserves moisture, and retards leaching, runoff, and erosion. Decomposition of organic matter in soil continues until the carbon-nitrogen ratio drops from perhaps 50:1 or 20:1 down to about 11:1, the humus stage. The decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms soon brings about the release of gums, slimes, and other products when the organisms die. These, or other materials from decaying organic matter, leach down in the soil where they increase soil aggregation in clays and loams, possibly by cementing soil particles together. Thus, the soil structure is improved. Proteinaceous organic materials react with clay minerals, especially montmorillonite and illite, and are retained in the soil. Montmorillonite and illite clay crystals are composed of silica and alumina sheets bonded together in a 2:1 ratio. In montmorillonite the entire surface of a crystal unit is accessible for surface reactions. In illite part of the space between units is accessible. The non-swelling kaolinite clays that predominate in the southeastern states have a low exchange capacity and do not retain much carbon.
Organic matter increase the water-as well as the mineral-holding capacity of sandy soils.
And that some explanations articles on Decomposition Of Green Manures. Hopefully can improve the knowledge of the reader. . .
HAPPY LEARNING. . . .
Now Ahli Artikel will provide an explanation of articles on Decomposition Of Green Manures
, check this out. . .
Decomposition of Green Manures
The green manure must be decomposed before its nutrients become available for plant growth or the organic residues become a part of the soil humus. Young plants and substances high in nitrogen decompose most rapidly. As decomposition progresses, it becomes slower because of the comparatively greater resistance of the residual organic matter to decay. Green manures furnish energy to the micro-organisms that bring about decomposition. The water-soluble constituents, largely sugars, organic acids, alcohols, glucosides, starches, and amino acids, are decomposed most rapidly and completely. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria use most of these substances as a source of energy. Green manures may contain 20 to 40 per cent of the total dry matter in water-soluble form. The micro-organisms that decompose hemicelluloses and celluloses take up nitrogen from the soil in the process. The proteins decompose quickly, but the nitrogen liberated is immediately assimilated by micro-organisms that attack the celluloses and hemicelluloses. The lignins are very resistant to decomposition and usually add to the soil humus.
Postponement of turning under fall cover crops until spring, rather than in late fall, delays decomposition, conserves moisture, and retards leaching, runoff, and erosion. Decomposition of organic matter in soil continues until the carbon-nitrogen ratio drops from perhaps 50:1 or 20:1 down to about 11:1, the humus stage. The decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms soon brings about the release of gums, slimes, and other products when the organisms die. These, or other materials from decaying organic matter, leach down in the soil where they increase soil aggregation in clays and loams, possibly by cementing soil particles together. Thus, the soil structure is improved. Proteinaceous organic materials react with clay minerals, especially montmorillonite and illite, and are retained in the soil. Montmorillonite and illite clay crystals are composed of silica and alumina sheets bonded together in a 2:1 ratio. In montmorillonite the entire surface of a crystal unit is accessible for surface reactions. In illite part of the space between units is accessible. The non-swelling kaolinite clays that predominate in the southeastern states have a low exchange capacity and do not retain much carbon.
Organic matter increase the water-as well as the mineral-holding capacity of sandy soils.
And that some explanations articles on Decomposition Of Green Manures. Hopefully can improve the knowledge of the reader. . .
HAPPY LEARNING. . . .
SOURCE:
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
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