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TYPES OF SILOS
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Types of Silos
Types of Silos| Tower silos are constructed of concrete, brick, vitreous tile, wood staves, or glazed steel. The later type is airtight with a top seal and has a mechanical unloading device at the bottom. Tower silos are circular, with vertical walls. They range from 12 to 30 feet in diameter and 30 to 60 feet in height with capacities of 50 to 1000 tons.
Trench silos usually are 10 to 30 feet wide, 8 to 30 feet deep, and any desired length. A few hold as much as 10,000 to 50,000 tons of silage. Many trench silos are dug into the side of an earth bank with one end at ground level. This permits drainage of excess silage juice and also facilitates the removal of silage. Trench silos usually have a concrete floor ant the sides also are often lined with concrete.
Bunker silos are built on the ground with concrete floors and either concrete or wooden walls. The walls are braced with pillars. The sides of trench and bunker silos have a slope of 1 or 2 inches per foot of depth, but unlined earth walls of trench silos should slope 4 inches per foot. The sloping sides permit the silage to seetle and shrink without opening a gap next to the wall to start spoilage. The silage in both bunker and stack silos is covered with a heavy impervious sheet.
Stack silos are temporary circular structures set on the ground. The walls are made of strips of snow fence or of woven wire-fence material spliced at the ends. Two to five overlapping tiers of this fencing give it sufficient height. The walls are lined with sheets of impervious plastic or paper.
About 64 per cent of the silage was stored in tower silos in 1959, but most of the newer silos are of the bunker type because of a lower construction cost. Trench silos are popular in the semiarid and arid regions because of their low cost and because there is less interference from rain during filling or emptying the silos in those areas. The trenches are excavated with a bulldozer or power shovel. The sillage usually is covered with straw or other waste material, after which some of excavated soil is spread over the top. Much of the trench silage is held over for emergency feeding in drought years when feed production and grazing is limited. Trench and bunker silos are adapted to automatic feeding by means of movable feeding racks at the end. The animals reach through the rack for feed and move it forward as the feed is consumed. Usually the silage is removed with a loader attached to a tractor. Automatic unloaders for tower silos are in use. Circular pit silos were popular in the Great Plains area before 1920, but they required a great deal of hand labor both for their excavation and also for removing the silage.
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SOURCE TYPES OF SILOS ARTICLE:
- Book Principles of Field Crop Production | John H. Martin - Warren H. Leonard | COLLIER Macmillan (1967)
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